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calcium cyanide
Calcium cyanide also known as black cyanide,〔. "Calcium Cyanide." ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary.'' 2001. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/calcium%20cyanide (accessed April 22, 2012).〕 is an inorganic compound with the formula Ca(CN)2. It is a white solid, although it is rarely observed in pure form. Commercial samples can be black-gray. It is the calcium salt of cyanide. It hydrolyses readily (even on moist air) to release hydrogen cyanide. Like other similar cyanides it is very toxic.〔Ernst Gail, Stephen Gos, Rupprecht Kulzer, Jürgen Lorösch, Andreas Rubo and Manfred Sauer "Cyano Compounds, Inorganic" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2004. 〕
==Preparation==
Calcium cyanide can be prepared by treating powdered calcium oxide with boiling anhydrous hydrocyanic acid in the presence of an accelerator such as ammonia or water in order to minimize the loss of the hydrocyanic acid by polymerization. It may also be prepared by reacting liquid hydrocyanic acid with calcium carbide. Alternatively calcium cyanide may be prepared by reacting hydrocyanic acid gas with quicklime (CaO) at high temperatures around 400 °C. At higher temperatures around 600 °C calcium cyanimide is formed instead.〔. "Production of Hydrocyanic Acid" ''United States Patent Office.'' 1933.(accessed April 22, 2012).〕 The material prepared often is contaminated with polymeric derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, hence the black color.
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